Chinmay pamecha 2009ume453 presentation overview background laser cutting fundamentals types of lasers equipment material removal mechanism by laser process parameters application laser beam selection guide comparison with other methods cost advantages and limitations new developments safety hazards references. For output parameters, surface roughness and kerfs taper are studied. Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to slice materials. Its the product of longtime experience and expert knowledge of garant machining specialists. The main operating parameters associated with laser assisted machining are. Abstract laser beam machining lbm is one of the most widely used thermal energy based noncontact type advance machining process. Experimental study of laser beam machining applied to the. A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
Optimization of process parameters for electrochemical. Review on laser beam machining process parameter optimization. Considering these advantages of ga, optimization of nd. Understanding laser beam parameters leads to better system performance and can save money 3 in a real world, perfect gaussian tem 00 beams of m. In the laser soldering and brazing processes, the beam is used to melt a filler addition, which wets the edges of the joint without melting the base material. Laser beam is focussed for melting and vaporizing the unwanted material from the parent material. Cured composites are cut with waterjet and abrasive waterjet, and with laser beam equipment. Parametric analysis of cutting parameters for laser beam. Trepan drilling involves cutting around the circumference of the hole to be generated, whereas percussion drilling punches directly through the workpiece material with no relative movement of the laser or workpiece fig. The following illustrates these processes in detail with examples. For this purpose, advanced machining methods have been designed. Laser beam machining used light energy from a laser to remove material by vaporization and ablation energy is concentrated optically laser emits either continuous or pulsed light beam 5 source. Laser beam machining removes, melts, or thermally modifies a material by focusing a coherent beam of monochromatic light on the workpiece. Since 1991, the mcgrawhill machining and metalworking handbook has been an essential source of information for machine designers and machinists alike.
However, it is very essential to select optimum values of input process parameters to maximize the machining performance. This process uses thermal energy to remove material from metallic or nonmetallic surfaces. Nov 05, 2014 laser beam machining used light energy from a laser to remove material by vaporization and ablation energy is concentrated optically laser emits either continuous or pulsed light beam 5 source. Wagh institute of engineering education and research, nasik, maharashtra, india. Presentation mode open print download current view. For this purpose, the process engineers have to o en rely on the manufacturer s data or handbook data. Chapter 4 fundamentals of lasermaterial interaction and application to multiscale surface modi.
We named this book handbook of machining with grinding wheels because the borders between grinding and other operations such as superfinishing, lapping, polishing, and flat honing are no longer distinct. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. Liquidassisted laser beam machining lalbm process is used as an alternative to existing laser beam machining lbm process to address the problems associated with the extreme heat of the laser. Pdf electron beam machining yunitha ratnadilla academia. The ecm process is widely used for the machining of metal matrix composites. Current research and development in laser beam machining lbm. The handbook of laser welding technologies is a technical resource for researchers and engineers using laser welding technologies, professionals requiring an understanding of laser welding. Multiobjective optimization of laser beam machining process. May 31, 2018 laser beam machining lbm is one amongst the foremost widely used thermal energy based noncontact kind advance machining method which may be applied for nearly whole vary of materials. Understanding laser beam parameters leads to better system. Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride pcbn is the hardest material beside diamonds. Machining with grinding wheels extends from highremoval rate processes into the domains of ultrahigh accuracy and superfinishing. The garant machining handbook summarises accumulated knowledge on the subjects of machining and clamping, from a to z.
Parametric analysis of cutting parameters for laser beam machining based on boxbehnken design sahil panu1, girish dutt gautam2, kaushal pratap singh3 and gavendra norkey4 1, 2, 3department of mechanical engineering, jaypee university of information technology juit, samirpur h. In practical applications, such as drilling, grooving, cutting, or scribing, the optimal combination of nd. Guide to machining carpenter specialty alloys guide to machining carpenter special ty all o ys carpenter technology corporation wyomissing, pa 19610 u. The process control parameters considered are oxygen pressure, pulse width, pulse frequency and cutting speed. Parametric analysis of cutting parameters for laser beam machining based 63 approximation for the true functional relationship between y and set of independent variables employed. Mcgrawhill machining and metalworking handbook mcgrawhill. Current research and development in laser beam machining \lbm\. Apr 21, 2017 laser material interactions a great advantage of laser machining is capability to machine any kind of material, not necessarily conductive, depending on laser intensity and interaction time. Laser cutting works by directing the output of a highpower laser. School of industrial engineering, purdue university. Cured composites are cut with waterjet and abrasive waterjet, and with laserbeam equipment. Laser soldering started to gain popularity in the early 1980s for joining the leads of electronic components through holes in printed circuit boards.
These factors are reflectivity, thickness and flammability. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the laser beam diameter on the microhardness beneath the cut surface of. Gui based mamdani fuzzy inference system modeling to. The purpose of this investigation is to develop fuzzy based graphical user. The laser is light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, and laser beam machining is a nontraditional way of manufacturing. In fact, its a subtractive manufacturing process in which a laser beam is used for cutting through the metals and other materials for getting the desired product. Experimental study of laser beam machining applied to the production of mold cavities fabio gil cachucho pereira fabio. Laser beam machining lbm is one of the most widely used thermal energy based noncontact type advance machining process which can be applied for almost whole range of materials. Effect of laser beam diameter on cut edge of steel plates. Asm handbook, volume 16 machining details this book gives you detailed descriptions of specific machining and grinding processes, guidelines for proper selection of cutting tool materials and cutting fluids, and recommendations for improved productivity and efficiency during the machining of various materials. The machining processes described include mechanical drill and ultrasonic drilling, turning, milling, grinding, routing, sawing, and countersinking. Vengkatesh abstract the world of manufacturing has shifted its level to the era of space age machining. The laser beam can travel through air or vacuum with minimal loss of energy. Generally, so hard materials could not be machined by conventional machining technologies.
The article also explains the various categories of surface treatment. Salecnc laser carving cutter users manual salecnc byautomation maker hk ltd. Maintaining laser gas and laser cooling system conducting an oscillator vacuum leakage test performing laser oscillation to achieve discharge aging checking the laser beam mode, optical axis adjustment and the oscillation characteristics and output setting and adjustment. Mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical material removal procedures are also summarized. Multiobjective optimization of laser beam machining. Apr 26, 2018 the laser is light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, and laser beam machining is a nontraditional way of manufacturing. Investigation of kerf deviations and process parameters. However, the optimization of the output process parameters and hence the machining performance is a difficult task.
Material restrictions materials have three factors that restrict them from laser cutting. Yag laser beam machining lbm process has a great potential to manufacture intricate shaped microproducts with its unique characteristics. Mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical material removal procedures are. How laser process parameters affect the throughput and quality of laser micromachining. In fact, its a subtractive manufacturing process in which a laser beam is used for cutting through the metals and other materials for. Machining is the broad term used to describe removal of material from a workpiece includes cutting, abrasive processes grinding, advanced machining processes electrical, chemical, thermal, hydrodynamic, lasers automation began when lathes were introduced in 1700s now have computer numerical control cnc machines. Control parameters optimization of laser beam machining. Reflectivity causes a problem because the cutting beam gets scattered. Laser beam machining parameters k centring the nozzle. Laser beam machining machining handbooks asm international.
Current research and development in laser beam machining. Yag laser beam machining process is done using this technique. The number of passes can range from a few to several dozen. Understanding laser beam parameters leads to better. Background laser stands for light amplification by stimulated. Control parameters optimization of laser beam machining using. The main laser parameters that can be controlled during processing include the laser power, q, the beam radius, r b, the specimen or workpiece velocity, v, and the beam mode, which may be stationary, spinning, top hat, or gaussian ion, 2005. However, the optimization of the output process parameters and hence the. Laser beam machining lbm is a non conventional machining manufacturing process, a form of machining, in which a laser is directed towards the work piece for machining. Gui based mamdani fuzzy inference system modeling to predict surface roughness in laser machining sivarao, peter brevern, n. Hence, there is an ardent need for some sound optimization tools to determine the optimal machining parameters for nd.
Laser material interactions a great advantage of laser machining is capability to machine any kind of material, not necessarily conductive, depending on laser intensity and interaction time. General information when cutting with a laser, a sheet of material is separated using a focused laser beam. Laser beam machining lbm is one amongst the foremost widely used thermal energy based noncontact kind advance machining method which may be applied for nearly whole vary of materials. Yag lbm process parameters needs to be sought out to provide the desired machining performance. In some applications, the entire laser delivery hardware including focus head and fiber can be. Research parameters optimization of laser beam machine as laser beam machine, cutting speed power, gas pressure, laser power.
In contrast to some other processes, laser operates using high energy photons therefore there is not a typical tool as the laser beam directly targets. Laser beam machining can be one of the alternatives because of its noncontact nature and requirement of low specific energy with higher production rate. The light produced is a coherent, monochromatic and collimated beam which can be focused to small spots of diameter of 0. In this research work, the desired responses are minimum kerf taper and surface roughness. Cutting metals with fiber lasers of up to 50 watts and without auxiliary process gases is a multistage process. However, in order to achieve better cut quality with high precision and accuracy during laser beam machining, selection of favorable range and levels of cutting parameters is quite pertinent. Laser power, spot diameter of the laser beam, cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. To improve and optimize the responses of a laser beam machining process, the various input machining control parameters are to be set at an optimal value.
Arnold abstract lasers provide the ability to accurately deliver large amounts of energy. The quality of cut depends upon many control factors or parameters such as laser beam parameters laser power, pulse width, pulse frequency, modes of operation, pulse energy. Details, work parameters, and special features of all these techniques are provided. Chapter 4 fundamentals of lasermaterial interaction and. The focusing lens must be set such that the focused laser beam is placed in the centre of the nozzle hole. Maintaining laser gas and laser cooling system conducting an oscillator vacuum leakage test performing laser oscillation to achieve discharge aging checking the laser beam mode, optical axis adjustment and the oscillation characteristics and output. A lot of helpful information, application tips and tricks can be found on more than pages compact, wellarranged and uptodate. The microstructure and the microhardness of the cut edge are affected by the input laser cutting parameter. How laser process parameters affect the throughput and. While typically used for industrial manufacturing applications, it is also starting to be used by schools, small businesses, and hobbyists. This article describes the principal lasers used in metal processing. As such one has to adopt experimental methods, which are cumbersome, time consuming, costly and at times not feasible.
Multiobjective optimization of laser beam machining process parameters p. Handbook of laser welding technologies request pdf. Influence of laser welding process parameters on weld pool. The machining processes described include mechanical drill and ultrasonic drilling.